Belajar Cara Menggunakan Command Nmap Linux

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NMAP, Sekarang kita berbicara tentang network mapping (pemetaan jaringan) alat ini sudah terkenal yang dikalangan linuxer. Kita tidak akan membahas banyak detail tentangnya tetapi kita akan belajar dari dasar.

Di Insucure Org di tulis:

“Nmap ("Network Mapper") is a free and open source (license) utility for network discovery and security auditing. Many systems and network administrators also find it useful for tasks such as network inventory, managing service upgrade schedules, and monitoring host or service uptime. Nmap uses raw IP packets in novel ways to determine what hosts are available on the network, what services (application name and version) those hosts are offering, what operating systems (and OS versions) they are running, what type of packet filters/firewalls are in use, and dozens of other characteristics. It was designed to rapidly scan large networks, but works fine against single hosts. Nmap runs on all major computer operating systems, and official binary packages are available for Linux, Windows, and Mac OS X. In addition to the classic command-line Nmap executable, the Nmap suite includes an advanced GUI and results viewer (Zenmap), a flexible data transfer, redirection, and debugging tool (Ncat), a utility for comparing scan results (Ndiff), and a packet generation and response analysis tool (Nping).
Nmap was named “Security Product of the Year” by Linux Journal, Info World, LinuxQuestions.Org, and Codetalker Digest. It was even featured in twelve movies, including The Matrix Reloaded,Die Hard 4, Girl With the Dragon Tattoo, and The Bourne Ultimatum.

Artinya kurang lebih:

"Nmap ("Network Mapper") adalah tools gratis dan open source (license) utilitas Untuk penjelajahan network dan audit keamanan jaringan. Banyak system dan administrator jaringan juga menemukan manfaat untuk tugas-tugas seperti persediaan jaringan, manajement jadwal upgrade layanan, dan monitoring host atau service uptime. Nmap menggunakan paket IP raw dengan cara baru untuk menentukan host apa yang tersedia pada jaringan, service (nama aplikasi dan versi) yang sedang dijalankan, dan apa tipe paket yang digunakan untuk memfilter/firewal, dan puluhan karakteristik lainnya. Ia dirancang untuk cepat memindai jaringan yang besar dan luas, tetapi bekerja dengan baik (stabil) pada host tunggal. Nmap berjalan pada semua system operasi, dan paket binari resmi yang tersedia untuk Linux, Windows, dan Mac OS X. Selain menggunakan cara klasik yaitu command-line untuk mengeksekusi Nmap, Nmap suite juga mencakup dengan GUI yang lebih maju dengan antarmuka grafis (Zenmap), transfer data yang fleksibel, redirect, dan debugging tool (Ncat), Utilitas untuk membandingkan hasil scan (Ndiff), dan tool package generation dan response analysis tool (Nping).
Nmap diberi nama "Security Product of the Year" olej Linux Journal, Infor World, LinuxQuestions.Org, dan Codetalker Digest. Bahkan ditampilkan pada dua belas film, termasuk The Matrix Reloaded, Die Hard 4, Girl With the Dragon Tattoo, dan TH Bourne Ultimatum".

Mari kita pelajari, Pertama kita bisa memiliki IP dari mesin.

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:77:EA:7D
inet addr:192.168.172.128 Bcast:192.168.172.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe77:ea7d/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:54691 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:28951 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:80387733 (76.6 MiB) TX bytes:1595230 (1.5 MiB)
Interrupt:19 Base address:0x2000

1. Scan localhost

[Nmap –sP localhost]

2. Scan jaringan 192.168.1.0/24

[Nmap –sP 192.168.1.0/24]

3. Scan apapun yang terdapat pada localhost atau jaringan

[Nmap –A localhost]

Output :

Starting Nmap 5.51 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2012-12-18 09:26 PST
Nmap scan report for localhost (127.0.0.1)
Host is up (0.000053s latency).
Other addresses for localhost (not scanned): 127.0.0.1
Not shown: 997 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 5.3 (protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey: 1024 36:87:72:a9:08:04:0d:ba:7c:6a:ff:45:99:41:19:79 (DSA)
|_2048 38:b0:e9:0f:b2:72:07:06:5c:22:88:86:f5:cf:e7:08 (RSA)
25/tcp open smtp Postfix smtpd
5900/tcp open vnc VNC (protocol 3.7)
No exact OS matches for host (If you know what OS is running on it, see http://nmap.org/submit/ ).
TCP/IP fingerprint:
OS:SCAN(V=5.51%D=12/18%OT=22%CT=1%CU=33133%
OS:=i386-redhat-linux-gnu)SEQ(SP=103%GCD=1%
OS:O1=M400CST11NW6%O2=M400CST11NW6%O3=M400
OS:CST11NW6%O6=M400CST11)WIN(W1=8000%W2=80
OS:0)ECN(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=8018%O=M400CNNSNW
OS:S+%F=AS%RD=0%Q=)T2(R=N)T3(R=N)T4(R=Y%DF
OS:=)T5(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=Z%A=S+%F=AR%O=
OS:%A=Z%F=R%O=%RD=0%Q=)T7(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=
OS:%DF=N%T=40%IPL=164%UN=0%RIPL=G%RID=G%RI
OS:=40%CD=S)
Network Distance: 0 hops
Service Info: Host: localhost.localdomain
OS and Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 12.52 seconds
   
   
Simpelnya, Anda bisa mendapatkan status detail pada sekliling jaringan seperti Anda mendapatinya untuk localhost

Salah satu teknik dasar scanning lainnnya

4. nmap TCP SYN scan

# nmap -v -sS localhost
# nmap -v -sS 192.168.0.0/24

5. nmap TCP FIN scan

# nmap -v -sF localhost
# nmap -v -sF 192.168.0.0/24

6. nmap TCP Xmas tree scan

Berguna untuk melihat proteksi firewal terhadap serangan atau tidak.

# nmap -v -sX localhost
# nmap -v -sX 192.168.0.0/24

7. nmap TCP Null scan

Berguna untuk melihat proteksi firewal terhadap serangan atau tidak.

# nmap -v -sN localhost
# nmap -v -sN 192.168.0.0/24

8. nmap TCP Windows scan

# nmap -v -sW localhost
# nmap -v -sW 192.168.0.0/24

9. nmap TCP RPC scan

Berguna untuk mengetahui RPC (seperi portmap) service.

# nmap -v -sR localhost
# nmap -v -sR 192.168.0.0/24

10. nmap UDP scan

Berguna untuk menemukan port-port UDP.

# nmap -v -O localhost
# nmap -v -O 192.168.0.0/24

Jika Anda mencari untuk automatis maka NSE adalah jawabannya (NMAP Scripting Engine), Nmap 6.25 digunakan dengan 85 script baru dari NSE, peningkatan performa, deteksi yang lebih baik untuk OS/Versi, dan banyak lainnya.

Referensi:

Nmap Org
Lua Org

Sumber: Linoxide.
MiripGeeks

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Mirip Geeks: Belajar Cara Menggunakan Command Nmap Linux
Belajar Cara Menggunakan Command Nmap Linux
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